Shankar, J., Wu, T. D., Clemons, K. V., Monteiro, J. P., Mirels, L. F., Stevens, D. A. Surgical treatment is definitive but many patients are ineligible. Then there was little progress for 50 years, when in 1951, nystatin was introduced, the first useful polyene. A systemic model of candidiasis was studied in CD-1 mice by intravenous inoculation of different isolates of C. albicans. With Aspergillus fumigatus synergy was noted for inhibition and killing, and synergistic activity was also noted for some isolates of other species presently regarded as difficult to treat. The development of newer antifungal drugs is creating new potential combination therapies to combat the dismal mortality rate associated with invasive aspergillosis (IA). The addition of caspofungin at 0.1 microg/ml and 0.05 microg/ml to the monocyte cultures increased antifungal activity. View details for DOI 10.3109/13693786.2011.577822, View details for Web of Science ID 000295893300006. [1], Stevens lived in Reading until his death on 7 April 1899. The collection was assembled so that approximately half of the isolates were resistant to azole drugs. Cortisone acetate gave results similar to dexamethasone, but cortisone acetate suppression of BAM responses lasted 7 days, > or = 4 days longer than dexamethasone suppression. View details for DOI 10.3109/10408410903213393, View details for Web of Science ID 000275267300002. AMB was given intraperitoneally (i.p. David Stevens was born on 22 December 1940 in Tiberias, Palestine. Studies of the paradoxical effect of caspofungin at high drug concentrations. A more selective method was developed for use on samples suspected to be heavily contaminated with other organisms, using the strategy of increased salt concentration in a broth enrichment culture to further exploit Halomonas halotolerance, and thereby inhibit other organisms. Journal of Island & Coastal Archaeology 5:105-119. And finally what do you see when you look in the mirror? View details for DOI 10.1196/annals.1406.039, View details for Web of Science ID 000250750700039, Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) var. I have also given research level lectures at a variety of international summer schools ranging from Greece to Chile. Furthermore, one of these proteins, cos-1, has been shown to be important for virulence of Candida albicans. Microscopically this was correlated with less growth and stunted malformed hyphae. His zodiac sign is Cancer. Contribute Alice Roberts and David Stevens - Dating, Gossip, News, Photos list. Greater numbers of chronic inflammatory foci did not correlate with higher CFU. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.48.10.4063-4066.2004, View details for Web of Science ID 000224217000068. Dose range, drug bioavailability, and single and multiple treatment pharmacokinetics studies were performed. A high intermittent dose regimen (group A: 10 mg kg(-1) on day 1, 5 mg kg(-1) on days 3 and 6) was compared with standard dosing (group B: 3 mg kg(-1) per day for 14 days) of liposomal amphotericin B (LAB) for empirical treatment of persistent febrile neutropenia. View details for Web of Science ID 000172543800007. None of the heart transplant recipients with either IPA or invasive extrapulmonary aspergillosis (IEPA) had associated neutropenia. Murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro could kill Aspergillus fumigatus conidia, and this activity could be suppressed with dexamethasone. It has been shown to be efficacious in various forms of superficial candidosis, including esophageal disease. She's a mother to two children and holds a post as Professor of Public Engagement in Science at the University of Birmingham. Capilla, J., Maffei, C. M., Clemons, K. V., Sobel, R. A., Stevens, D. A. Stevens, D. A., Brummer, E., Clemons, K. V. Escape of Candida from caspofungin inhibition at concentrations above the MIC (Paradoxical effect) accomplished by increased cell wall chitin; Evidence for beta-1,6-glucan synthesis inhibition by caspofungin. Measurement of a hyphal organism, like Aspergillus, presents difficulties in that it is problematic to define what constitutes a cell. Alice Roberts and David Stevens - Dating, Gossip, News, Photos list. Overall, these results indicate that MICA has moderate activity against pulmonary aspergillosis and might be useful in combination with conventional AMB. The most common presenting symptom was back pain. These data indicate that micafungin inhibits growth of tissue forms of A. fumigatus, and phagocytes and micafungin together have an additive effect. The addition of 5% human serum to caspofungin at 0.1 or 0.05 microg/ml increased the inhibition to 78.6% +/- 5.8% or 58.3% +/- 19.2%, respectively (n = 10; P < 0.01 versus controls and versus the drug without serum). See The brain and spinal cord contained the highest concentrations of fungal DNA. David Stevens. However, when DEX was given 24 h before GM-CSF, DEX suppression of BAM was not reversed. Our People Contact Us Leadership ASM's Principals, Directors, Archaeologists, Architectural Historians, and other technical staff have decades of professional and educational experience in cultural and heritage resources management. Alum potentiated the protection. ; 0.8 mg/kg) once daily. Segal, B. H., Herbrecht, R., Stevens, D. A., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Sobel, J., Viscoli, C., Walsh, T. J., Maertens, J., Patterson, T. F., Perfect, J. R., Dupont, B., Wingard, J. R., Calandra, T., Kauffman, C. A., Graybill, J. R., Baden, L. R., Pappas, P. G., Bennett, J. E., Kontoyiannis, D. P., Cordonnier, C., Viviani, M. A., Bille, J., Almyroudis, N. G., Wheat, L. J., Graninger, W., Bow, E. J., Holland, S. M., Kullberg, B., Dismukes, W. E., de Pauw, B. E. A possible mechanism for synergy between antifungal therapy and immune defenses, Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group. The enhancement of IL-6 by mouse serum was concentration-dependent and maximal at 8 h. The effects of fungus or serum on macrophage production of cytokines were similar in an outbred and an inbred mouse strain. Genes upregulated in yeasts were found to encode proteins shown to be involved in methionine/cysteine metabolism, respiratory and metabolic processes (of sugars, amino acids, proteins and lipids), transporters (small peptides, sugars, ions and toxins), regulatory proteins and transcription factors. I will move on to a. View details for Web of Science ID 000174578300002. My husband [field archaeologist David Stevens] took on the role of primary carer when we were filming, and he came with me on all the shoots. My main research interest is large scale ocean modelling. After pulmonary infection with conidia, normal males showed progressive infection, whereas normal females restricted proliferation and progressive disease. BAM from CD-1 mice were stimulated with B. dermatitidis without or with normal BALF, surfactant protein A-deficient (SP-A-/-) or surfactant protein D-deficient (SP-D-/-) BALF, or a mixture of SP-A-/- and SP-D-/- BALF. On the basis of the amplification efficiency, specificity, and observed polymorphism, four of the sequences were selected for strain typing. Imai, J. K., Singh, G., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Paradoxical effect of caspofungin: Reduced activity against Candida albicans at high drug concentrations, Genetic susceptibility of mice to Candida albicans vaginitis correlates with host estrogen sensitivity. The category of proven invasive fungal disease can apply to any patient, regardless of whether the patient is immunocompromised, whereas the probable and possible categories are proposed for immunocompromised patients only.These revised definitions of invasive fungal disease are intended to advance clinical and epidemiological research and may serve as a useful model for defining other infections in high-risk patients. Understanding how the marketplace of religious ideas works. With aspergillosis, predictive clinical correlates have been defined, respiratory tract cultures are highly predictive of invasive disease in the appropriate setting and certain CT scan findings enable early diagnosis. All 168 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from meningitis patients contained less than or equal to 2.9 micrograms/ml, and only 6 contained greater than 1 microgram/ml. We examined the global epidemiology of C. parapsilosis and assessed the discriminatory capabilities of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and RAPD typing methods. Shankar, J., Restrepo, A., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. The management of invasive aspergillosis remains suboptimal: only 38% of patients are alive 3 months after diagnosis. All relationship and family history information shown on FameChain has been compiled from data in the public domain. In almost all patients, S. cerevisiae was first recovered after admission. > [????] Stevens, D. A., Clemons, K. V., Levine, H. B., Pappagianis, D., Baron, E. J., Hamilton, J. R., Deresinski, S. C., Johnson, N. Genomic DNA microarray comparison of gene expression patterns in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycelia and yeasts in vitro. US based Meghan and Harry.. FameChain has their amazing trees. One isolate, 95-68, showed paradoxical growth in vivo with significantly higher CFU recovered from mice given CAS at 20 mg/kg than those given CAS at 5 mg/kg, but the effect was not reproducible in a subsequent experiment. Treated groups had significantly lower numbers of white blood cells and significantly lower protein concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid compared with those for the controls (P < 0.01 to 0.0005) and had fewer clinical signs of infection (e.g., weight loss, elevated temperature, and neurological abnormalities including motor abnormalities). A blurring of the roles of the three categories of dogs occurred when these programs were put into place at SCVMC. Fungus burdens in brain were higher than those in other organs, although Aspergillus disseminated to the kidneys and the spleen. van Asbeck, E. C., Clemons, K. V., Stevens, D. A. Posaconazole is an extended-spectrum triazole with in vitro and in vivo activity against Aspergillus species.We investigated the efficacy and safety of posaconazole oral suspension (800 mg/day in divided doses) as monotherapy in an open-label, multicenter study in patients with invasive aspergillosis and other mycoses who were refractory to or intolerant of conventional antifungal therapy. Galactomannan antigen testing of blood is routine in some European centres, with EIA methodology supplanting agglutination because of apparently greater sensitivity. The mean histological scores for AmBi-treated rabbits were lower than those for FLC-treated and control rabbits (P < 0.016 and 0.0005, respectively); the scores for AMB-treated animals were lower than those for the controls (P < 0.0005) but were similar to those for FLC-treated rabbits. Of 108 isolates, 97 (95 patient isolates and 2 from the hospital kitchen) were DNA group B and identical in RFLP pattern. Although higher doses could be given, no lipid-based formulation showed consistent superiority over Fungizone or over each other. Completed College. To test an effect mediated by leukocytes, BALB/c peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in vitro with 3M-003 to generate cytokine-containing supernatants. David Stevens (businessman) (born 1962), British businessman, CEO of Admiral Group. Select the best result to find their address, phone number, relatives, and public records. This methodology, applied to species of Saccharomyces, allows unknown Saccharomyces isolates to be assigned to the type strains. View details for Web of Science ID A1994PX25900046. If serum was absorbed with live B. dermatitidis, unbound serum was eluted, and bound serum factor(s) (BS) was released with guanidine buffer, BS inhibited TNF-alpha production by PM plus B. dermatitidis in a concentration-dependent manner. All infected rabbits had neurological abnormalities and severe vasculitis in the basilar arteries on days 9-20. Based on a targeted minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.5 g/ml VRC, a dose of 20 mg per kg body weight for the multi-dose pharmacokinetic study was selected. Further pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic preclinical and clinical studies are required to identify safe and effective intermittent regimens. Combination therapy resulted in improvement in 63% of patients, generally with amphotericin B plus 5-fluorocytosine or rifampin and indifference with amphotericin B plus itraconazole. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrates a strong correlation between homozygosity at the MTL locus and azole resistance (P<0 small middle dot003). Login Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. The availability of genetically defined strains of mice, immunological reagents, cost and ease of handling are factors. However, IFN-gamma enhanced the killing by adult BAM (from 30 to 69%) to a greater extent than BAM from young animals (from 20 to 30%). Clemons, K. V., Capilla, J., Stevens, D. A. Azole therapy of clinical and experimental coccidioidomycosis, Experimental systemic infection with Cryptococcus neoformas var. View details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0028402, View details for Web of Science ID 000298369100035. Coccidioidal meningitis is lethal in the absence of treatment. GM-CSF reversed the effect of DEX on I kappaB levels. Toxicity was reversible, and principal side effects were nausea and vomiting (50%), gynecomastia (21%), decreased libido (13%), alopecia (8%), elevated liver function tests (5%), pruritus (5%), and rash (4%). Resistance of CD-1 mice to pulmonary blastomycosis correlates with enhanced fungicidal activity of BAM, PM, PMN, and IFN-gamma production by Con A stimulated spleen cells, compared to BALB/c mice. Three levels of probability are proposed: "proven," "probable," and "possible." Epidemiological studies indicate a striking rarity of disease (but not infection) in females, but only during the reproductive years. Hyphae were generated by incubation of conidia for 24 h with or without micafungin. [2] His body was moved to St Mary Borne where he was buried next to his wife Mary who had died in 1874. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cyto.2005.07.004, View details for Web of Science ID 000232712100003. While traditionally antifungal therapy was limited to the use of amphotericin B, flucytosine, and a handful of clinically available azole agents, current pharmacologic treatment options include potent new azole compounds with extended antifungal activity, lipid forms of amphotericin B, and newer antifungal drugs, including the echinocandins. This study also provides unique methodology for immunology studies in a rabbit model. Most patients with IPA presented with fever and cough within the first 90 days of transplantation and with single or multiple pulmonary nodules. Virulence of isolates was associated with membership in group A (P = 0.03). > present (Honorary Fellow of the British Science Association and the Royal Society of Biology) and [????] To further characterize S. cerevisiae pathogenesis, we studied a virulent clinical isolate, YJM128, and an avirulent nonclinical isolate, Y55, in C5-deficient mice. Fay Stevens is an archaeologist (UCL) and award-winning lecturer and researcher. The revision process started with a meeting of participants in 2003, to decide on the process and to draft the proposal. View details for Web of Science ID 000239417200008. Hyphae produced in the presence of micafungin (0.01 microg/ml) and incubated again with micafungin for 24 h inhibited growth by 47%; combination with monocytes resulted in 62% inhibition. All regimens reduced renal infection. Stevens was a significant contributor to the archaeological field and is noted for being the first curator of Reading Museum. Immunizing an immunocompromised host would seem to be a formidable task; however, virulence factors and immunogens of the pathogen have now been identified and could be targeted, mapping of the genome sequence of the pathogen will soon be completed, and the protective host immune responses and cytokine networking are better understood. Ibrahim, A. S., Gebremariam, T., Husseiny, M. I., Stevens, D. A., Fu, Y., Edwards, J. E., Spellberg, B. The purpose of this project was to maintain these programs by clarifying the policies regarding animals, specifically dogs, in the healthcare setting. Brummer, E., Antonysamy, M. A., Bythadka, L., Gullikson, G. W., Stevens, D. A. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) production by BAM from BALB/c was significantly less than that from CD-1 in response to co-culture with Bd. We look to the archaeologist for the materials, to the artist for the method. Band profiles were used to distinguish and group isolates. Campus maps | More contact information | Jobs, The Devil's Long Tail: Religious and other radicals in the internet marketplace. Clinical aspergillosis for basic scientists, Conventional or molecular measurement of Aspergillus load, Molecular epidemiology of global Candida dubliniensis isolates utilizing genomic-wide, co-dominant, PCR-based markers for strain delineation. We also discuss potential pitfalls in assessing outcome, such as conflicting clinical, radiological, and/or mycological data and gaps in knowledge. [1] He has been heralded by past curator of natural history at Reading Museum, David Norton, for his approach towards curating, citing that he can be perceived as a "pioneer in seeing museums not as cabinets of curiosities but as places of education and particularly of their localities" after discussing how Stevens refused a chipped off stone fragment from Stonehenge out of concern that it would promote further destruction. Of the 19 proposed Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates [group I by internally transcribed spacer (ITS1) sequence], the most commonly encountered species, 17 were RFLP type VII-1. New Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers Able To Distinguish among Candida parapsilosis Sensu Stricto Isolates. Computer Officer Prof Thilo Rehren. We studied potential therapeutic options in a murine model of pulmonary aspergillosis in triamcinolone-suppressed DBA/2 mice infected intranasally with conidia from Aspergillus fumigatus. At 50 mg/kg, itraconazole and fluconazole were equivalent, whereas itraconazole at 10 or 25 mg/kg prolonged survival compared to that achieved with fluconazole at these dosages (P < 0.05 and 0.01, respectively). Since the majority of aspergillomas do not cause life-threatening hemoptysis, the morbidity and cost of treatment must be weighed against the clinical benefit. Treatment with both antifungals at all doses prolonged survival compared with that of the control treatment (P < 0.01 to 0.0001). At 50 mg/kg, itraconazole and fluconazole were equivalent in clearing the fungi from the brain and kidney, but itraconazole was superior to fluconazole in clearing the fungi from the spinal cord and lungs (P < 0.05). The workshops that David Stevens has run for us on three PFI Hospitals projects have on each occasion proved to be an essential catalyst for identifying the critical issues, slaughtering the sacred cows and improving the value for money of the project whilst improving the overall effectiveness of the team., Dr Richard Baldwin, Managing Director, Special Projects, Alfred McAlpine, UK, As an international organisation involved in the corporate area we have seen the highly successful application of Dr Stevens Big Project techniques on a wide range of small and medium sized businesses. To assess the virulence of petites in vivo, two mouse models, CD-1 and DBA/ 2N, were infected i.v. IL-4, IL-6, and gamma interferon transcripts were detected on day 5, and IL-1 beta and IL-10 transcripts were detected beginning on day 7. McCullough, M. J., Clemons, K. V., McCusker, J. H., Stevens, D. A. Epidemiological investigation of vaginal Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates by a genotypic method. Overall, clinical isolates of Saccharomyces were very heterogeneous and exhibited little clonality. Epidemiological studies show a striking predominance of paracoccidioidomycosis in adult men compared to premenopausal women. BAM plus B. dermatitidis (BAM-B. View details for Web of Science ID A1987L150800003, View details for Web of Science ID A1977DC47300023, View details for Web of Science ID A1977DK44100032, View details for Web of Science ID A1974R882300002, Rhoda Benham Medal, Medical Mycology Society of the Americas (1999), Outstanding Achievement in Medicine Award, Santa Clara County Medical Association (2003), Lucille Georg Medal, International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (2006), Charles E. Smith Memorial Award, Coccidioidomycosis Study Group (2006), Department: Medicine - Med/Infectious Diseases, California Institute for Medical Research, Susceptibility of Candida albicans from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Virulence factors in Aspergillus that could aggravate these diseases, and particularly immunogenetic factors that could predispose persons to ABPA, were identified. Levels of MMP-9 within CSF were assayed by use of zymography and compared with MMP-2 levels, which served as an internal control. Help keep Alice Roberts and David Stevens profile up to date. We compared various amphotericin B formulations (no treatment or 0.8 mg of Fungizone [conventional deoxycholate amphotericin B] per kg of body weight, or 0.8, 4, or 8 mg of Amphocil, AmBisome, or Abelcet per kg of body weight) for treatment of systemic murine aspergillosis. We ended motherhood month by sitting down with her to talk breastfeeding, maternity leave and what she sees in the mirror. No antifungal regimen effected cure. Self - Gunsmith 1 . These results indicate that AmBi in combination with VCZ may be superior for treatment of CNS aspergillosis; combinations of AmBi and MICA or CAS were not antagonistic and may have a slight benefit. The reduction of TNF-alpha production correlated with TNF-alpha gene expression assessed by PCR and nuclear factor kappaB (NF kappaB) levels. Treatments were started at day 1 postinfection and given for 10 days. Of the 12 homozygous isolates, one isolate was sensitive to azole drugs. The ability to grow at 42 degrees is shown to be polygenic with primarily additive effects between loci. [4][1], Whilst appointed as Medical Officer, Stevens reported that disease was being spread by polluted water and poor hygiene and informed support for significant health legislations including the 1866 Sanitary Act which had been hastened by the cholera epidemic. There have been several reports that the activity of echinocandin antifungal agents is not affected or decreased in the presence of human sera. Reduction of the inoculum to 5.5 x 10(6) conidia was lethal, but comparison showed KO mice less susceptible to lethal infection (P<0.015). View details for DOI 10.3109/13693780903471784, View details for Web of Science ID 000280700800004. The potential role of induced antibody has been appreciated only recently. Some of the characteristics of these isolates are very different from laboratory and industrial strains of S. cerevisiae and, for this reason, stringent genetic tests have been used to confirm their identity as S. cerevisiae. The growing genus Halomonas includes bacteria favoring or tolerating high-saline/halide and high-pH environments. We have described previously a progesterone-binding protein (PBP) in cytoplasmic extracts of T. mentagrophytes and hypothesized that progesterone mediates growth inhibition by binding to the PBP of this organism. He is most remembered for Spouse of Dr Alice Roberts. Histologic examination of samples of brain tissue showed focal abscesses containing Aspergillus hyphae. That's going on 50 years, to help with the arithmetic. The median kidney or liver CFU were 2 or 3 log(10) CFU, respectively, on day 15; despite this, mortality was low through 21 days of infection. Our data suggest that SP-D in BALF binds beta-glucan on B. dermatitidis, blocking BAM access to beta-glucan, thereby inhibiting TNF-alpha production. We postulated micafungin and host phagocytic cells could act together in damaging fungi. Birdseed agar improves culture specificity. Roberts, 41, believes both the Government and employers can do more to promote shared parental leave and said she is lucky her husband, field archaeologist David Stevens who she met at. Walsh, T. J., Raad, I., Patterson, T. F., Chandrasekar, P., Donowitz, G. R., Graybill, R., Greene, R. E., Hachem, R., Hadley, S., Herbrecht, R., Langston, A., Louie, A., Ribaud, P., Segal, B. H., Stevens, D. A., van Burik, J. H., White, C. S., Corcoran, G., Gogate, J., Krishna, G., Pedicone, L., Hardalo, C., Perfect, J. R. Experimental animal models of coccidioidomycosis. Co-stimulation with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor abolished immunomodulatory effects of the drugs. Improvement was noted with amphotericin B or itraconazole followed by voriconazole but not with itraconazole followed by amphotericin B. However, qPCR and EIA do not indicate viability, may result in false negatives. In this book, David Stevens explains how the principles of Participatory Business Planning may be applied to any business or public body, of any size and how they can turn adversity into prosperity and efficiency. 0115 95 14859 david.stevens@nottingham.ac.uk Biography I have been at Nottingham since 2000, having previously held positions at Brunel University and Brown University. Beta-1,3-glucan declined 81% in the presence of caspofungin, as expected. Clearance of fungal burden from the livers and spleens of mice showed RCZ and ITZ at doses of 50 mg/kg to be efficacious but not curative. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.09.018, View details for Web of Science ID 000310657400011. However, for high-risk patients, such as allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients (60%), persons with hematologic cancer (50%), and those with signs of neutropenia (60%) or malnutrition (30%), a positive culture result is associated with invasive disease. Intra-CSF amphotericin therapy is, however, far more toxic than oral azoles and requires much more clinical management to achieve success and avoid toxicity. And ease of handling are factors variety of international summer schools ranging Greece! 10.1128/Aac.48.10.4063-4066.2004, view details for DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0028402, view details for Web of Science ID 000224217000068 Fungizone over! 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