>> 114 0 obj /S /P /K 6 10 [182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R /Pg 15 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R /S /P 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R << << endobj 2015-06-10T12:06:38+08:00 /Pg 16 0 R >> endobj 90 0 obj /Type /Page << 11 [198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R /Pg 25 0 R >> endobj 88 0 obj endobj /Type /Pages /K 14 /K 6 This has been able to flourish, Aries Arugay, a political-science professor at the University of the Philippines at Diliman, told me, partly because of a weak party system and the lasting legacy of American colonialism, which put political power into the hands of a few select elites. /P 9 0 R /S /P /K 1 President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. and Philippine Vice President Sara Duterte during the inauguration ceremony at the National Museum on June 30 in Manila, Philippines. /K 11 /CropBox [0 0 612 792] 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 106 0 R 107 0 R /P 9 0 R >> /Pg 25 0 R /Pg 16 0 R /Pg 17 0 R endobj /Pg 22 0 R endobj endobj 97 0 obj A Warner Bros. << 184 0 obj >> It was 25 February 1986 and millions were marching to oust Ferdinand Marcos Sr, the authoritarian leader of the Philippines. >> << /Pg 16 0 R Pacifico Ortiz, SJ, (25 Sep 1913 - 9 Dec 1983) was a Filipino Jesuit priest and academic best known as the first Filipino president of the Ateneo de Manila University, and as a staunch critic of the Martial Law dictatorship of former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, especially while he served as the delegate of Rizal province to the 1971 Philippine Constitutional Convention. 303 0 obj /K 0 << endobj 250 0 obj Now he is on the cusp of doing so. endobj /P 9 0 R /K 1 << /F6 338 0 R /Pg 24 0 R /S /Footnote /K 1 /Pg 20 0 R endobj /Type /Group Ferdinand Marcos. << endobj endobj /P 9 0 R << /Pg 17 0 R Duterte-Carpio is the mayor of Davao, a position her father held for more than two decades. President Biden underscored that he looks forward to working with the President-elect to continue strengthening the US-Philippine Alliance, while expanding bilateral cooperation on a wide range of issues, including the fight against Covid-19, addressing the climate crisis, promoting broad-based economic growth, and respect for human rights, said the readout. /P 9 0 R Marcos should publicly order the military, police and other security forces to cease targeting activists, human rights defenders and journalists for killing and other rights violations. /P 9 0 R 198 0 obj /Tabs /S /F6 338 0 R >> /S /Footnote 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R >> /Pg 25 0 R endstream /K 393 0 R /Tabs /S 175 0 obj 144 0 obj Everything we have, all the advantages we have gained, any the successes, and any comfort or privilege we enjoy comes from the people, he said in a recent interview with CNN affiliate CNN Philippines. endobj << /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /K [364 0 R 365 0 R] Ferdinand Marcos Jr., the son of the countrys late dictator, escorted Sara Duterte-Carpio, the daughter of the current president, Rodrigo Duterte, past guests sitting in white trellis-backed chairs. << /S /P /K 7 endobj /StructParents 1 /K 3 /Pg 17 0 R 82 0 obj /StructParents 8 >> << << /K 4 /S /P /S /P << >> endobj /S /P /S /P widow of late opposition senator Ninoy Aquino who was a staunch Marcos critic. Members of the public gather to attend the swearing-in ceremony of President-elect Ferdinand "BongBong" Marcos Jr. at the Old Legislative Building in Manila, the Philippines, on June 30. << >> /S /P /Group << (In the Philippines, the president and vice president are elected separately. /Group << /CropBox [0 0 612 792] /P 9 0 R endobj 153 0 obj >> endobj /K 0 164 0 obj << Sociologist Jayeel Cornelio said, While one camp is celebrating, the other camp is worried about the economy, education, and civil liberties.. 319 0 obj /S /P /F3 337 0 R /P 9 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /K 6 /F6 338 0 R /Rotate 0 /Type /Group /S /P >> 71 0 obj There is no more justice to hope for if Marcos Jr. becomes President, said Bonifacio Ilagan, co-convenor of the group Campaign Against the Return of the Marcoses and Martial Law. 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R While it was true that the Peso and the Dollar were close to each other during the beginning of the Marcos era, let's not forget that by the time Macapagal was president, the Peso already sank to 3.70 to a Dollar, and during the first quarter storm in 1970, the Peso went from 4.00 to 6.00 to a Dollar. /K 4 /P 9 0 R 138 0 R 139 0 R 140 0 R 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R << "The two leaders will hold a bilateral meeting to discuss areas of mutual . /K 446 0 R /K 9 /P 9 0 R 34 0 obj The family squirreled away a fortune estimated in 1987 to be $10 billion, hiding it in shell companies, fine art, and dodgy real-estate deals. /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R Microsoft Word 2010 Ignoring critical publications is bad enough, but . 75 0 obj /StructParents 5 /Contents [326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R 332 0 R 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R] /P 9 0 R /Pg 24 0 R /P 9 0 R /K 6 /K 372 0 R << /Resources << /S /P /S /P /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R >> A Warner Bros. The two are also looking to continue Philippine dynastic rule. What will the economy look like in the next six years? 81 0 obj /Pg 22 0 R >> endobj /P 9 0 R /K 7 /K [396 0 R 397 0 R] /Pg 25 0 R << /S /P >> << Did you encounter any technical issues? /Pg 24 0 R 192 0 obj I once knew a man who saw what little had been achieved since independence. /P 9 0 R >> /Pg 20 0 R /CropBox [0 0 612 792] endobj /Pg 26 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R /S /P /K 14 /K 394 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Group << >> /S /P 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R] << /S /P >> 318 0 obj 325 0 obj /Pg 23 0 R In the documentary The Kingmaker, Imelda Marcos described it as her son's destiny to become the president. President Dutertes administration cracked down on civil society and the media slapping tax evasion charges on local, independent media outlets that challenged the governments policies and claims, and arresting editors. /K 9 107 0 obj /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /K 5 /S /Transparency endobj >> September 29, 1989. >> /K 405 0 R /P 9 0 R >> /Pg 25 0 R /P 9 0 R /Pg 27 0 R /P 9 0 R /S /P 137 0 obj << After his second term, corruption in his administration was rampant. >> /Pg 26 0 R Constrained by a strict presidential-term limit, Duterte announced a bid for the Senate last month, but it was a short-lived experiment. >> endobj When Imee left the governors seat to run for the Senate in 2019, her son was elected to replace her. >> /Parent 8 0 R /S /P For the full article, see Ferdinand Marcos . 248 0 obj /S /P A future of sufficiency, even plenty, of readily available ways and means to get done what needs doing, he said. /K 387 0 R /S /P He was governor when, six years later, his family were chased into exile in Hawaii following a People Power revolution that toppled his fathers regime in 1986. /Pg 21 0 R >> << << /P 9 0 R endobj Marcos Jr., 64, is the son and namesake of late dictator Ferdinand Marcos Sr., whose 21-year kleptocratic rule of the country from 1965 to 1986 was marked by human rights abuses, widespread corruption, and plunder of the state coffers. In 2016, he ran for vice president and was narrowly defeated by Leni Robredo a former human rights lawyer and his closest rival in the 2022 presidential race. Editorial: Napoleon Rama and his nephew. endobj /S /P 282 0 obj /P 9 0 R /Pg 25 0 R Days after his death, Abalos presented Escorial, who said he has . /F5 351 0 R 133 0 obj endobj /K 434 0 R They interlocked arms as they walked. >> Lapid, a broadcaster and staunch critic of former and current administrations, was gunned down in Las Pias on October 3. When I asked Arugay, the political-science professor, about his projection for the race, he was not optimistic. << >> His rule spanned 20 years, beginning in 1965 up to his downfall in 1983. Will there be a clampdown on press freedom? 202 0 obj << /Workbook /Document 291 0 obj /K 1 << /S /P /S /P /Pg 27 0 R /S /P /S /P endobj << << His defence minister, Juan Ponce Enrile, had defected and brought with . 121 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 612 792] >> 238 0 obj << endobj /Pg 27 0 R 306 0 obj 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R] /Pg 20 0 R /K [421 0 R 422 0 R 423 0 R] >> /K 418 0 R /F6 338 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] >> /S /Transparency /P 9 0 R Oct. 4, 2022. 1 [77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R 80 0 R 81 0 R 82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R] << 151 0 obj /S /P /Kids [18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R] /P 9 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R >> When Ferdinand Marcos assumed the presidency for the second term, he announced in his 1969 inaugural speech: In international affairs, we shall be guided by the national interest and by the conscience . /StructParents 9 /Pg 16 0 R endobj endobj /Tabs /S endobj /Pg 20 0 R /K 8 >> endobj << >> >> /S /P Discovery Company. endobj << His administration has overseen a steady decline in press freedom and the killing of scores of activists in raids by security forces (many of whom had been red-tagged, i.e., accused of being communist guerrillas or supporting them). << The United Nations conservatively estimates that security forces carrying out Dutertes years-long war on drugs, a sweeping campaign that has targeted primarily the urban poor, have killed more than 8,600 people. >> endobj /S /P >> Mr Marcos Sr, his wife Imelda and their cronies plundered an estimated $10bn (8.1bn . endobj >> endobj << Even though the electoral process has been conducted in a formally correct manner, we are concerned that voting choices based on lies and harmful narratives could have seriously undermined the integrity of the elections and democracy itself.. MANILA A news radio host who had been a prominent critic of President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. of the Philippines was fatally shot in his car during . 3 0 obj << 35 0 obj /K 15 Imelda Marcos. . /Pg 26 0 R /Parent 7 0 R endobj endobj endobj /S /P A play on his name is 'Ferdinand Magellan Jr'". /Pg 15 0 R The Marcoses have a stronghold in the north, and the Dutertes power base is in the south, making the nepotistic duo immediate front-runners in the contest. /K 9 /P 9 0 R << /S /P endobj /Group << endobj /P 9 0 R Ferdinand Marcos Jr. was sworn in as the 17th President of the Philippines on Thursday, restoring one of the countrys most notorious political dynasties to the Malacaang Palace 36 years after his father was ousted in a popular uprising. endobj >> /CropBox [0 0 612 792] endobj 109 0 obj >> /Parent 7 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB Critics have pointed to a widespread disinformation campaign, recently supercharged through social media, that has whitewashed the history of the Marcos era, when Marcos Jr.s father ruled the Philippines through a brutal and corrupt dictatorship that ended in a popular uprising in 1986. /P 9 0 R << endobj endobj >> 254 0 obj endobj /Pg 15 0 R endobj /S /P /K 400 0 R 243 0 obj /P 9 0 R /Tabs /S << /Pg 14 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R Campaigners say the Marcoses were never held fully accountable and victims of martial law are still fighting for justice. /P 9 0 R /K 10 /Pg 15 0 R /P 9 0 R /Pg 18 0 R 203 0 obj /Pages 3 0 R 320 0 obj /Tabs /S /Pg 15 0 R /Macrosheet /Part /P 9 0 R /Pg 15 0 R << /P 9 0 R /F6 338 0 R >> /Font << 5 [118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R] << /S /P At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced on television that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. /S /P NAPOLEON "Nap" Rama is the son of Don Vicente Rama, the "Father of the Cebu City Charter.". His parents, Mariano Marcos and Josefa Edralin, were both teachers.From 1923 to 1929, he attended the Sarrat Central School, Shamrock Elementary School in Laoag and the Ermita Elementary School in Manila. 140 0 obj >> >> >> I will let them into the country, but only as tourists, Marcos Jr. said in January, according to Reuters. Funds from institutions such as the World Bank disappeared, with the average Filipino not reaping any benefits. /K 395 0 R The generalized spread of disinformation has created an environment which has made it difficult for many voters to make informed decisions at the polling station, said Charles Santiago, a Malaysian lawmaker and chairperson of the ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights. /K 2 endobj Though Marcos Jr. has said he would expand the PCGG and tackle graft and corruption, many worry justice will not be served. /Font << /S /P << /Parent 8 0 R >> The U.S. Air Force dispatched numerous helicopters and airplanes to ferry the Marcos family and others to safety in Hawaii. /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /Rotate 0 << /P 9 0 R A staunch critic of Rodrigo Duterte, she really felt very strongly that over the course of the last five and a half years, a lot of our institutions have been eroded, he said. 135 0 obj Did you encounter any technical issues? While Ferdinand was president of the Philippines, the Marcos family stole roughly $10 billion from the country. /S /P /Pg 25 0 R Imees son Matthew Marcos Manotoc was also reelected as governor of Ilocos Norte in 2022. << << /P 9 0 R >> /K [458 0 R 459 0 R 460 0 R] /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /K 7 /K [439 0 R 440 0 R 441 0 R 442 0 R 443 0 R 444 0 R] 187 0 obj Marcos ran unopposed as a member of his fathers party. The results have been a resounding, frightening testament to the influence of historical revisionism in the absence of repercussions and accountability. Born in 1917 to a prominent political family in rural Ilocos Norte, Marcos . >> /K 4 /P 9 0 R 141 0 obj 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 128 0 R 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R 134 0 R 135 0 R 136 0 R 137 0 R INTRODUCTION. 298 0 R 299 0 R 300 0 R 301 0 R 302 0 R 303 0 R 304 0 R 305 0 R 306 0 R 307 0 R /K 9 /Parent 7 0 R /S /P endobj 297 0 obj endobj >> /Rotate 0 >> /Pg 27 0 R 119 0 obj (The sites co-founder Maria Ressa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize last year. Huge pro-democracy protests unseated Ferdinand Marcos Sr in 1986 from power. /F1 336 0 R I want to be an idealist. Ferdinand Marcos Jr, the son of late Philippines dictator Ferdinand Marcos, is surrounded by supporters after filing his certificate of candidacy for president in the 2022 national election, in . >> endobj /P 9 0 R 22 0 obj endobj /Pg 20 0 R /P 9 0 R 185 0 obj 173 0 obj /K 20 << /Pg 12 0 R << endobj application/pdf >> /K 8 /F3 337 0 R The official question reads: "In office from 2022, the president of this country has taken so many foreign trips. >> << /StructParents 4 /Pg 25 0 R /Parent 8 0 R /Pg 26 0 R /Pg 12 0 R /S /P >> /K 1 /K 0 Read: The limits of Rodrigo Dutertes anti-Americanism. >> >> /K 9 /P 9 0 R /StructParents 14 /K 3 /Pg 12 0 R 309 0 obj /K 9 /K 12 /Resources << /K 21 /S /Transparency /S /P >> /K 3 << endobj >> /S /P /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R endobj /Type /Group Ferdinand Emmanuel Edraln Marcos (September 11, 1917 - September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. >> /S /P [1/2] Former senator Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr and son of late former dictator Ferdinand Marcos is greeted by his supporters upon his arrival at the Supreme Court in metro Manila, Philippines . /K 2 50 0 obj /P 9 0 R /Contents 354 0 R /F5 351 0 R /Contents 359 0 R >> /P 9 0 R 27 0 obj 326 0 obj /K [381 0 R 382 0 R 383 0 R] /K 19 endobj "Go to hell. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] US President Joe Biden spoke with Marcos Jr. on Wednesday, congratulating him on his election win, according to a White House readout of the call. /Pg 27 0 R He is a polarizing historical figure in both Philippines and the world. 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R appreciated. Updated 117 0 obj /Pg 19 0 R Dutertes administration targeted civil society and the media slapping tax evasion charges on local, independent media outlets that challenged the governments policies and claims, and arresting editors. 26 0 obj /Pg 19 0 R /S /P /Pg 12 0 R Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos (September 11, 1917 - September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. /K 10 /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] << /CS /DeviceRGB >> /F3 337 0 R /Pg 26 0 R Marcos Jr., 64, is the son and namesake of late dictator Ferdinand Marcos Sr., whose 21-year kleptocratic rule of the country from 1965 to 1986 was marked by human rights abuses, widespread . The family broke through to national office only in 2016, in the most uproarious fashion. /Pg 24 0 R Rodrigo Duterte is mercurial and prone to erratic outbursts. << /CS /DeviceRGB /K 14 << /S /P 201 0 obj But rather than facing repercussions for their crimes, the family set about rebuilding. /S /P /Pg 12 0 R >> 246 0 obj << 239 0 obj /S /P << >> >> The dominance of political dynasties in the Philippines has brought adverse effects on the country including the perpetuation of poverty and underdevelopment, the propagation of political and socio-economic inequality and the prevalence of massive corruption, the academics Teresa S. Encarnacion Tadem and Eduardo C. Tadem wrote in a 2016 paper examining the phenomenon. /K 5 /K 7 /StructParents 3 /P 9 0 R On February 25th 1986 he and the First Lady, Imelda fled the country with their family. >> endobj President Ferdinand Marcos and his wife, Imelda, in November 1985. . ET on January 14, 2021. 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R >> >> 8 [152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R endobj /P 9 0 R 269 0 obj /Pg 22 0 R >> /P 9 0 R /Group << >> << /K 374 0 R /P 9 0 R /K 2 Marcos has a commanding lead in the race, according to two polls conducted in December. endobj 218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R << /K 4 /K 10 >> /P 9 0 R >> >> endobj 124 0 obj /K 407 0 R >> /K 8 /S /P >> /Pg 27 0 R /Font << Ninoy's death prompted the historic EDSA People Power Revolution which toppled . It was not long after her election as a senator that Kalaw became a staunch critic of the dictator Ferdinand Marcos. /P 9 0 R endobj Despite his record on human rights and the Covid-19 pandemic, which worsened the countrys hunger crisis, Duterte remained hugely popular domestically. 258 0 R 259 0 R 260 0 R 261 0 R 262 0 R 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R /S /P 253 0 obj As well as its restrictions on citizen rights and a brutal military police, the Marcos regime was marked by widespread corruption, with an estimated $10 billion stolen from the Filipino people. /K 1 He finished high school and liberal arts course at the University . endobj end user1 Upon their return to the Philippines, Marcos Jr. became a congressional representative in his home province. /P 9 0 R Presidential frontrunner and former senator, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., graces the stage during a campaign rally in San Fernando, Pampanga, on April 30. << /Pg 24 0 R Marcos won the election with 31.6 million votes, or 58.77% of ballots cast a margin not seen in decades and replaces outgoing President Rodrigo Duterte. << /S /P /K 15 << >> /S /P Mr Marcos Jr, who is popular among young Filipinos, has painted his family's time in power as a golden age. /P 9 0 R endobj << >> << >> /Parent 6 0 R /Annotation /Sect /F7 341 0 R /S /P /S /P Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr., who fled with his parents to Hawaii in 1986, was elected president last May, capping off his family's triumphant return to the heights of Philippine politics . 4 [107 0 R 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB 85 0 obj /P 9 0 R /K 5 /Tabs /S /Type /Page /P 9 0 R /S /P 106 0 R] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] << << McCoy estimated that 3,257 extrajudicial killings were carried out under Marcos. << endobj /S /P /K 7 /Tabs /S /K 8 /K 10 /P 9 0 R 176 0 obj He also murdered a family political rival. The Marcos family lived a lavish lifestyle while in power, spending money on expensive artworks, overseas properties and jewels, even as debt spiraled and millions suffered in poverty. /Contents 347 0 R endobj >> /Pg 27 0 R /K 11 /Type /Page /Rotate 0 << /K [408 0 R 409 0 R 410 0 R 411 0 R] /K 5 Ferdinand E. Marcos, 72, who as ruler of the Philippines for more than two decades impoverished his country and came to personify corruption and greed in . >> The upcoming election is a direct two-way contest between the former dictator's son Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr and human rights lawyer and leader of the "pink revolution" Leni . endobj >> /Type /Group << /CS /DeviceRGB << /Pg 19 0 R << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /K 404 0 R << 277 0 obj /CropBox [0 0 612 792] 249 0 obj 2 [86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R] >> /Pg 22 0 R >> 105 0 obj /S /P /Pg 25 0 R endobj The son of a politician, he practiced as a trial lawyer before serving under Manuel Roxas, the first president of the independent . /P 9 0 R /Pg 20 0 R /S /P /K 10 But he got it done. /Pg 22 0 R 217 0 obj From 1965 to 1971, the year before martial law was declared, the economic growth of the Philippines, as reflected by its gross domestic . /P 9 0 R /Tabs /S /Pg 19 0 R 158 0 obj << /S /P >> /Rotate 0 endobj << endobj As President, Marcos Jr. would be head of the institutions created to investigate allegations against his familys former regime. /Worksheet /Part /S /P /P 9 0 R << << /F1 336 0 R << >> >> endobj endobj << /Resources << << He was again elected governor of Ilocos Norte before completing another term as a representative. /K 15 endobj /P 9 0 R endobj << /S /P /S /P 168 0 obj /F6 338 0 R 279 0 obj << /P 9 0 R /P 9 0 R /S /P endobj /P 9 0 R << /Length 3430 I fully understand the gravity of responsibility you put on my shoulders. >> endobj 37 0 obj >> /CropBox [0 0 612 792] 128 0 obj 118 0 obj << endobj [1][2] This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one-man rule that would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. 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