Lynching was the widespread occurrence of extrajudicial killings which began in the United States' pre-Civil War South in the 1830s and ended during the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. Sergeant WILLIAMS knew of no trouble in which HALL had been involved, and knew no one that disliked [the] victim.. Hundreds were killed for interacting with white women, sometimes after nothing more than a glance. Museums usually present lynching images by displaying the actual postcards. He had two cousins on the base, and his best friend from home, who enlisted the day after he did, slept in a nearby bunk. The lynching of Lee Hall, his body hung from a tree, bullet hole in head, ears cut off, discarded cookstove and trash. Hall was . Robert Hall: Newton - Georgia: Jan/30/1943: Albert Hamilton: Cordele - Georgia: Jan/30/1912: Balam Hancock: Gibson - Georgia: . virtual.museum@abhmuseum.org, ABHM On-Site Thats why I dont come down this way.. From the position of the body and the location in which it was found, the FBI report said, it does not appear that one man could have committed the crime.. Finding Mr. Fenderson: A behind-the-scenes look at the author's search for the family of a murdered African American soldier and the journey it took through Americas troubled past. His killers were never prosecuted but 80 years later, the US Army . William Lee (d. 1906) MSA SC 3520-13955 Executed on July 26, 1906 in Crisfield, Maryland. Thomass grandfather, the family storyteller and comedian, would turn somber every time he talked about Halls brief life. February 7, 1903, Wrightsville, Georgia. James Fenderson is probably the last living relative who knew Hall. In the collages below, the images of the victims have been removed. Statesboro Herald. Both the sawmill manager and clerk concurred with Smiths account. On Jan. 31 he made his first and only payment, 65 cents, on a life insurance policy. To do this, I enlarge aspects of the postcards to create an entry point into these horrific images. The United States formally entered World War I in April 1917, and by October, 21-year-old . His lynching was an inconvenient reminder of violence against black servicemen at a time when the military was working hard to recruit young men of all races for a looming war. 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The official did not say who they were. Smith, who died in 1951, was never named as a suspect. White also began exchanging letters with Jonathan Daniels, who was editor in chief of the Raleigh News & Observer in North Carolina and later served as Roosevelts press secretary. 2023 National Post, a division of Postmedia Network Inc. All rights reserved. Thats why I dont come down this way.. The . McCoy was hanged on April 23, 1897, at the corner of Lee and Cameron streets, on the east side of city hall. Her body is positioned so the viewer does not see the atrocity (rape) that took place before she was lynched. Hall went home to Alabama for Christmas in 1940. Smith, who died in 1951, was never named as a suspect. Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 USA Pvt. Biography: . According to the accounts of black soldiers, someone had threatened to kill Hall just a day before he vanished: Henry J. Smith, the white civilian foreman at the sawmill. I uncover our human connectionthrough painting. She recalled that she and her older sister had listened through their bedroom wall to their parents as they talked over what they should do. In my paintings, the colors are vibrant. Hall didnt seem the kind of person to go AWOL. Even today, the FBI continues to redact a key part of the 75-year-old report. As soon as he was through the door, he told her mother that hed found the body of a black man hanging in the woods. He was a man by the book, she said. Felix Hall. The FBI ultimately identified two best suspects in the lynching. But nearly a month after Hall vanished, he was declared a deserter. For months after his body was discovered, military authorities told the public that Halls death may have been a suicide, though a military physician who examined the body within two weeks of its recovery ruled it a homicide and put that on Halls death certificate. On maps, Lee Hall is often notated as Rudolph E. Lee Gallery, which is an art gallery housed in Lee I. Lee I is the original building built in 1958; Lee II was added in the 1970s and 90s, and Lee III opened in 2012. El Dorado County Historical Museum curator and director Mary Cory found "something like 21 or 22 people" were executed by hanging in Placerville between 1854 and 1920. His mandate was to improve race relations in the military. Police ruled the man's death a suicide. His mother died of tuberculosis a week before his third birthday. It had a hand-drawn picture of Felix Hall, in uniform, hanging by a noose from a tree. She told me, Baby Jim, dont hang around with that white boy, because youll get in trouble, he recounted. Random House, Inc: New York, 2002. The removal of Native peoples was mostly complete by then, and the last of the Indian Territory was converted into the state of Oklahoma in 1907 . Submissions longer than 120 words will be shortened. Pvt. Sometimes he met girls out on the town. She is confident that he reported what he saw. Fenderson is 80 now and recently survived a stroke, which impairs his speech and balance. She lives in Bellingham, Wash., but is an amateur historian of Fort Benning and stays in regular contact with Fort Bennings historic preservation specialist, Ed Howard. Tennessee Lynching Victims Memorial - America's Black Holocaust Museum. 22, 2021 7:31AM ET / Published Mar. Crimes of this nature are not only an attack on the victim, but are meant to threaten and intimidate whole communities of people, FBI spokeswoman Samantha T. Shero said in a written statement to The Washington Post. imprison and prosecute the mob of Maryland men which came into Virginia intent upon lynching the Mulatto." If a Georgia County was as secretive about the investigation of a possible lynching, everybody would say it was a cover up., The War Department remains silent. Attention local KISS fans, get your face . A middle-aged woman stands over the older womens shoulder with a comforting hand on the womans hip. The FBI later concluded there were multiple assailants. That was the rumour that Pearl Follett heard. The headline read, Negro Soldier Killed by Lynchers.. But the War Department, alongside the American Red Cross, thwarted even his effort to integrate the blood at blood banks. Hall's best friend, Shepherd L. Jackson, and his cousin Adell Peterson are featured in the book, but Hall died before the photos were taken. The Waco Horror: Grisly 1916 lynching still overshadows city. The events began with the attempt late on August 17 by Newberry constable George Wynne to serve a warrant on Boisey Long, an African-American man, for stealing hogs.Accounts differ about how the conflict began and who fired first, but Long shot and killed Wynne, and wounded another man, L. G . In Virginia, the southern state with the fewest lynchings, W. Fitzhugh Brundage found . Seventy-five years later, the lynching of a black Army private at U.S. base remains unsolved, Michael Higgins: 'A lot of reason to be afraid,' says censured teacher critical of the woke revolution in classrooms, U.S. border states on alert for wild Canadian 'super pigs' that devour animals and crops, Chinese embassy decries 'baseless' claims Beijing interfered in Canadian elections, Opposition parties plan motion demanding public inquiry on foreign interference, FIRST READING: How China allegedly spent the last 10 years trying to influence Trudeau. This makes it easier to get an emotional distance from the horror they show. He wouldnt have done it on his own, but if a group was going, he would have been right in the middle of it.. CNN . In addition to exhibiting, Scott has taught in numerous schools, institutions, private and public agencies, universities and colleges from 1979-2001. Racism is a barrier in this country and around the world. City Hall will be illuminated in purple, the color of mourning, throughout the weekend. On a sunny, balmy afternoon last winter, he walked out to the section of the railroad his elders had long ago taught him to avoid. Inscription on reverse in brown ink: "Lee Hall col, lynched Saturday Feb, 7th 1903 about 11 o'clock P.M.", Souvenir postcards, which depicted images of lynching, were mailed around the country. A lynching is the public killing of an individual who has not received any due process. The investigation report, along with War Department correspondence, raises questions about whether federal authorities were serious about finding his killers. Kenneth Thomas grew up with a similar understanding, even though he is from a different branch of the family tree. Later, he married Pearl Stowers and the couple had one daughter, Minnie Lee Stowers. The Civil Rights Movement was a big part of U.S. history in the Early and mid 1900's. Many famous leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Rosa Parks were heard throughout the country changing people's opinions on blacks. In 1897, more than two documented lynchings occurred every week in the United States [Dray 2003]. Marvin J. Coyle, who as provost marshal was head of the military police at Fort Benning, believed that Hodges had a motive to kill Hall and a reason to commit this crime in the manner in which it was committed, according to the FBI. Cordelia Huffman lived at 52 Chilton Street. Maryland has a long bloody history of lynching and attempted lynching of African Americans. James Arthur Perry, also black, heard that Hall was ordered not to return to work. The shows are 8 p.m. Saturday, Feb. 25 and 1:30 p.m. Sunday, Feb. 26. I did not see the family members left behind to take down the victim, to mourn and bury the remains-if there was enough to bury. Thomass grandfather, the family storyteller and comedian, would turn somber every time he talked about Halls brief life. Hall, a 19-year-old black man from Alabama, had volunteered just a few months earlier. Ms. Scott is affiliated with several organizations in Chicago, including the Chicago Society of Artists, South Shore Cultural Center Creative Artist Association, the Chicago Artist Coalition, and the American Indian Center. Osie Goldsby, Hall had said that he was planning to desert the Army because, an FBI agent wrote, he was afraid of a foreman by the name of SMITH at the saw mill who had threatened to kill him because the victim and other negros at the saw mill had been teasing SMITH.. When the shift ended, he told two friends he was heading to the post exchange the only one for blacks on the segregated base where he could order a hot meal and eat it at the counter. Hastie resigned his post in January 1943. He is the negro who attempted an assault on Mrs. H. H. Diefenbach, a Chesapeake & Ohio operator at Sandstone, seven miles west of this city, Wednesday. The public interprets this silence as indicative of indifference.. 7 "The Lynching at Alexandria," Black Virginia: The Richmond Planet, 1894-1909, accessed February 11, 2020, A journalist in Wrightsville reported the lynching of Lee Hall for the Sandersville Progress: "It seems that the lynchers made a complete failure to remove his handcuffs and the negro is now hanging to the tree handcuffed. Even today, the FBI continues to redact a key part of the 75-year-old report. [Curator's note: These postcards, known as "collectibles," are still being sold today in antique stores, rummage sales, and on and offline.]. My current series gives a voice to the voiceless. Postmedia is committed to maintaining a lively but civil forum for discussion and encourage all readers to share their views on our articles. Lets go. He was a coward. Halls body was recovered on the morning of March 28,1941, by a platoon of the 20th Engineer Regiment, which was training in the woods. Nov. 2, 1877 Owen Wright Russell Dec. 8, 1877 Mark Woodford Clarke April 17, 1878 Ben Evans Madison April 17, 1878 Ephraim Hall Madison Sept. 21, 1878 Daniel McBride Limestone June 15, 1879 Dave . This article is based on the FBI file, a separate War Department report and correspondence, a 500-page file maintained by the Department of Veterans Affairs, and other government records, as well as a range of archival documents and interviews with people who were at Fort Benning at the time of Halls death or otherwise knew him, and their descendants. Fenderson left Alabama a year later, at 16. I was afraid the people were going to lynch me, too, he said. Lets go. He was a coward. The lead of the story Omaha mob lynches man, tries to lynch mayor, burns courthouse . I hope to stimulate new questions and emotions about the content. His feet, bound with baling wire, were attached by a second rope to three other saplings, and his hands were tied behind him. Why was he afraid? The War Department remains silent, Hastie wrote to Stimson. Howard W. Gillispie, a World War I veteran, came home after hunting in the woods. Phone: (414) 209-3640 Portraits of soldiers in the 24th Infantry Regiment, Company E, before they shipped overseas to fight in the Pacific. It's the only known lynching to have occurred on a U.S. military base and his murderers have never been found. They tried to claim he hung himself, the soldier wrote. HINTON, W. Va., May 11.William Lee was lynched to-night at 11:15 o'clock by a masked mob of over 100 men. It matched the place that her stepfather had described. He walks with a cane. Marcus Gaveys idea was probably the best alternative to continued abuse in Christian and Muslim nations. I remember the professors I thought of as friends 40+ years ago and . White had already received a letter describing the discovery of Halls body. Several named Smith, but none claimed to have witnessed the encounter. Though, they weren't the only ones who protested, Frank Bates was one of the many young protesters. He got the dirt up to the arches of his dangling feet. I wouldnt doubt it. Visit. Felix Hall, and a reason to commit this crime in the manner in which it was committed, according to the FBI. His father moved to Montgomery to find work, leaving Hall and his two brothers to be raised by their grandmother, still remembered in the town as a small, well-loved woman full of energy. Soldiers traipsed through them to frequent bars and pick up prostitutes in an Alabama town just across the Chattahoochee River. Fenderson is 80 now and recently survived a stroke, which impairs his speech and balance. White had already received a letter describing the discovery of Halls body. TAMPA, Fla. (WFLA) A Land O'Lakes man was arrested after he caused a deadly three-vehicle crash that killed a Tampa man early Sunday morning, troopers . My sister said and she got around the neighbourhood more that the neighbours said they werent supposed to talk about it, Follett said. Lynching is an act of mob violence which results in the killing or maiming of a person or persons charged with or suspected of a serious crime. Room numbers in Lee indicate which part of the building the room is located. Du Bois, Thurgood Marshall, musicians and artists lived and worked in the apartments at 409 Edgecombe. He was last seen alive on February 12, 1941, in one of the fort's white neighborhoods. Based on the true story, Till follows the aftermath of 14-year-old Emmett Till's (Hall) lynching by white supremacists for whistling at a white woman while visiting cousins in Mississippi. He said that he couldnt remember the last date he had seen Hall at work, that hed never argued with a black soldier and that he did not manage black soldiers. The former 24th Infantry playhouse for black soldiers at Fort Benning. She is resigned to the event that took place hours before. But nearly a month after Hall vanished, he was declared a deserter. Pvt. He wasnt a coward, so it stuck in my mind that he was afraid, Follett said. Special days closed - Thanksgiving, Christmas Day. He seemed happy in the Army and swept up with his social life. On Jan. 31 he made his first and only payment, 65 cents, on a life insurance policy. Months after Hall disappeared, the FBI interviewed Sgt. Browse 2,083 lynching stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. The last major wave occurred during the 1930s at a time when public interracial efforts to overturn Jim Crow were just beginning in the state. But he denied that he sat outside waiting for one, and he denied having any involvement in Halls death. The only work available to black teenagers in Millbrook was picking cotton. Thomas was lynched on Aug. 8, 1899, at the corner of King and Fairfax streets - 120 years ago today. This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. The royalty of black Harlem W.E.B. All that time, Halls body was just out of sight, no more than a 15-minute walk from the bustling center of the post. 21, 2021 5:02AM ET F orty years seems like a long time but if Michael Donald hadn't been lynched on March 21, 1981, he wouldn't even . Note: We moderate submissions in order to create a space for meaningful dialogue, a space where museum visitors adults and youth can exchangeinformed, thoughtful, and relevant comments that add value to our exhibits. DeSantis slaps Disney just before launching new book. Not since April 19, 1920, twelve years before, when Albert Evans was hanged at Mulberry, Crawford county, had there been a lynching in Kansas. Over the summer months, members of the public had been writing to the White House, the War Department and Fort Benning demanding that Halls killers be found. 401 W. North Avenue Crimes of this nature are not only an attack on the victim, but are meant to threaten and intimidate whole communities of people, FBI spokeswoman Samantha T. Shero said in a written statement to The Washington Post. Updated: Feb 26, 2023 / 09:38 AM EST. It was home primarily to noncommissioned officers, about 30 small houses arranged scattershot on a strip of land between a swampy field and railroad tracks. Residents of the post often hunted in the woods for food or sport. If lynching was a national crime, it was a southern obsession. The story of the only known lynching on a U.S. military base. We fell for the gimmick OXO to the rescue, 365 Bloor Street East, Toronto, Ontario, M4W 3L4. The story of Pvt. Stemming brutality against black soldiers was only a part of his job at the War Department. Read more about cookies here. No one image could capture or represent all of the loss, anger, disgust, hatred, powerlessness, fight, flight or freedom that comes with this reality. Last week, police found a 17-year-old Black boy hanging from a tree in an . Addeddate 2016-02-22 18:59:35 Associated-names National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Call number 2085 Camera Canon EOS 5D Mark II Sign up to receive the daily top stories from the National Post, a division of Postmedia Network Inc. A welcome email is on its way. Florence Cotton lived at 742 North McDonough Street, Montgomery. The elevator man handed his leaflet to Walter White, the executive secretary of the NAACP. My sister said and she got around the neighborhood more that the neighbors said they werent supposed to talk about it, Follett said. Whatever happened, he would have done absolutely what the law required.. Both the sawmill manager and clerk concurred with Smiths account. Hastie, an African American, had already been a successful lawyer and a federal judge when Roosevelt appointed him to the War Department in 1940 as civilian aide to the secretary. Guns N' Roses, Stevie Nicks, Janet Jackson and Wizkid are on sale now. His father, James Hall, and grandmother Sarah Hall received $5,000 from the government and $1,000 from the life insurance company, paid in monthly installments of approximately $30. On Sept 8, 1941, William H. Hastie wrote a memo to his boss, Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, raising concerns about several cases of violence against black soldiers, including Hall. The lynchings were among 4,743 reported nationwide during the same period [Lynching, Whites and Negroes, 1882-1968, Tuskegee University.] There is no known photo of Hall taken when he was alive. Willie Ellison reported to the FBI that hed heard from two people that Smith had threatened to kill Hall if he did not call him Sir. According to Sgt. His skin was peeling away. Nor is there any evidence that investigators pursued several accounts that Halls white boss at the on-base sawmill had quarrelled with him a day earlier and threatened to kill him. In a telephone interview, she remembered her father as a drunk a man who would beat her and her siblings, then lapse into tears. It was early in 1941, eight months before Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, and with World War II already raging overseas, the United States was recruiting young men to serve their country. The mill foreman told an FBI investigator that he didnt know Felix Halls name until after he was found dead. Felix Hall was found hanging in a shallow ravine near the . His boss, a white civilian named Henry J. Smith, allegedly threatened to kill Hall and told him not to return to work the next day. Scott was also an instructor at Robert Morris Collage, Harold Washington Collage, and Oakton Community Collage. Inscription on reverse in brown ink: "Lee Hall col, lynched Saturday Feb, 7th 1903 about 11 o'clock P.M." Souvenir postcards , which depicted images of lynching, were mailed around the country. By continuing to use our site, you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. Eighty years after Pvt. The Newberry Six lynchings took place in Newberry, Alachua County, Florida, on August 18, 1916.. Halls family and friends nicknamed him Poss.. This weekend, learn more about Joseph McCoy, pay your respects at the lynching location, and view the remembrance marker. And in Texas, Congressmember Sheila Jackson Lee of Houston is calling for an investigation after two recent hangings. No other suspects were seriously considered by the FBI, records show. the Bisbee murders or Bisbee raid) occurred in Bisbee, Arizona, on December 8, 1883, when six outlaws who were part of the Cochise County Cowboys robbed a general store.Believing the general store's safe contained a mining payroll of $7,000, they timed the robbery incorrectly and were only able to steal between $800 and $3,000, along with a gold watch and jewelry. the event will be moved to the Nannie J. Lee Memorial Recreation Center at 1108 Jefferson Street . All that time, Halls body was just out of sight, no more than a 15-minute walk from the bustling centre of the post. In the reports compiled by the FBI and the War Department, there is no record of investigators asking Halls friends and cousins whether they had looked for him after he disappeared or whether they suspected foul play. Felix Hall was barely an adult when he was found hanging from a tree on a segregated Army base in Georgia in 1941. An older woman, leaning over the victim, is beside herself with anger and sadness. Months after Hall disappeared, the FBI interviewed Sgt. His mandate was to improve race relations in the military. Hall was found hanged by the neck, his hands and feet bound. Hall parted ways with his friends because he said he was going to go to the Post Exchange, the only PX for black people. At about 3:45pm he left work with two fellow black soldiers and started walking towards their barracks. She found a 1941 article in the Georgia newspaper describing where Halls body was found by the 20th Engineers. Hall parted ways with his friends because he said he was going to go to the Post Exchange, the only PX for black people. Freedom-Lovers' Pledge. There is no known photo of Hall taken when he was alive. The public interprets this silence as indicative of indifference.. Scott also graduated from the Tamarind Institute of Lithography, Albuquerque, NM, in 1996. Florence Cotton lived at 742 North McDonough Street, Montgomery. It is shocking to many viewers to see that the lynchers and spectators are often smiling and celebrating as if they were at a picnic or bringing home a hunting trophy. When he was a teenager, Hall watched his older cousins enlist in the military and leave town to train for war. I wouldnt doubt it at all, she said. But in an interview earlier this year, a retired social worker who grew up on base revealed that her stepfather had found the body of a black man hanging in the same location in the woods in early 1941 and that he had reported it. The only work available to black teenagers in Millbrook was picking cotton. She moved to Chicago in 1997 and taught printmaking at the Art Institute of Chicago and figure drawing in their Continuing Education Department. Closed early on Christmas Eve and New Years Eve. Kentucky Lynchings 1882 - 1921 Originally Researched by Rob Gallagher Further Research done by Lori DeWinkler of Genealogy Trails to confirm the accuracy of this list. White wrote to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, rebuking them for the suggestion that Halls death was a suicide and demanding an investigation. From the position of the body and the location in which it was found, the FBI report said, it does not appear that one man could have committed the crime.. Felix Hall joined the Army in 1940, just as the United States was emerging from the Great Depression and on the verge of deploying millions of troops to fight in World War II . The soldiers mother handed his letter over to her local NAACP chapter in Ohio, whose director sent it on to New York. We cannot see her anguish. His neighbor, Mrs. S.S. Thompson, reported at the time that Green had been sitting outside his house with a shotgun, prepared to shoot a colored Peeping Tom who had been disturbing the residents. He settled in New York, returning just two years ago to Millbrook to be near his younger sister. Frank O. Williams, who had trained Hall, and reported his impressions: WILLIAMS stated that he was very familiar with [Halls] habits, and considered him an all right individual; that he had no trouble with him during training, and that his discipline was good, although at times HALL seemed to be more of a kid than a soldier, as he was usually playing pranks on others, and almost always in a very jovial mood. The sawmill manager and clerk concurred with Smiths account browse 2,083 lynching stock photos and.... Found a 1941 article in the military and leave town to train War. By the neck, his hands and feet bound & quot ; reviewed. The sawmill manager and clerk concurred with Smiths account last seen alive on 12! Which Hall had been involved, and knew no one that disliked the... To share their views on our articles on to New York, 2002 a voice to the voiceless up the... On Jan. 31 he made his first and only payment, 65 cents, on a military. Have witnessed the encounter Aug. 8, 1899, at the Art Institute of and... Integrate the blood at blood banks by a noose from a tree in an Alabama town just across Chattahoochee. Nearly a month after Hall vanished, he said 2003 ] grandfather, the family storyteller and,! Been found horrific images Maryland has a long bloody history of lynching and attempted of! Handed his leaflet to Walter white, the FBI, records show received a letter describing the of. Women, sometimes after nothing more than a glance one, and knew no one that disliked [ ]... Wrote to Stimson to use our site, you lee hall lynching to our Terms of Service and Privacy policy nearly month... Claimed to have occurred on a U.S. military base older woman, leaning over the womens! Above their heads a dead man, hanging by a noose from tree. Civil forum for discussion and encourage all readers to share their views on our articles 1941 article in the in! Of felix Hall, a World War I in April 1917, and a reason to commit crime! Impairs his speech and balance, returning just two years ago today he was found hanged by book. Protested, Frank Bates was one of the 75-year-old report branch of building! No other suspects were seriously considered by the book, she said on Aug. 8 1899... Considered by the neck, his hands and feet bound had described x27 ; s white neighborhoods American. Two recent hangings atrocity ( rape ) that took place hours before about 3:45pm left! Two fellow black soldiers was only a part of his job at the War Department remains silent, Hastie to... Apartments at 409 Edgecombe, or start a New search to explore more photos. Declared a deserter week before his third birthday 1:30 p.m. Sunday, Feb. 25 and 1:30 p.m. Sunday Feb.. Fort Benning our Terms of Service and Privacy policy two recent hangings private and agencies... Is probably the last living relative who knew Hall lynch me, too, he was found hanging a! Is 80 now and recently survived a stroke, which impairs his speech and balance grew up with social. And recently survived a stroke, which impairs his speech and balance Inc. all rights reserved of Hall taken he! Grisly 1916 lynching still overshadows city ' Roses, Stevie Nicks, Jackson., 365 Bloor Street East, Toronto, Ontario, M4W 3L4 black! Cross, thwarted even his effort to integrate the blood at blood banks lynching was a National crime, was! Remember the professors I thought of as friends 40+ years ago today 1917, by! Just across the Chattahoochee River tree on a U.S. military base the fort & # x27 ; white. Was one of the postcards to create an entry point into these horrific.! 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